Educational Objectives:
To describe socratic questioning.
To give examples of three negative automatic thoughts.
To give examples of three dysfunctional beliefs.
Aaron Beck (1995) selects a clinician to role-play a male client. The client, Mike, was abandoned by his wife after she had multiple affairs. Mike is a recovering alcoholic with a sexually transmitted disease who suffers from dating anxiety, childhood trauma, and feelings of inferiority. Beck demonstrates how to establish a collaborative relationship with the patient.
Ellis and Wolfe (1995) demonstrate with several volunteers. Beth, is troubled by her dominating mother. Ellis assigns a homework task. Next, Wolfe works with a volunteer who feels betrayed by her husband and brother. Ellis works with a second volunteer, Megan, who is ending a relationship with her boyfriend. Ellis uses imagery, confrontation and humor.
Alexander Lowen (1995) demonstrates with John who is dissatisfied with his body. Through exercises, Lowen helps John use his body to express his full range of feelings. Lowen explains that he does not rely on the mind to change behavior because of its lack of power. Lowen expects the body to free itself. The demonstration concludes with Lowen’s elaboration on his work.
Erving Polster (1995) demonstrates with Delisa, who is troubled by her work with geriatric patients. Polster leads Delisa quickly and deeply into her own fears of death and loss. Polster jokes, confronts, and directs Delisa into a greater self-awareness. Following the demonstration Polster explains his work and addresses questions.
Mary Goulding (1995) demonstrates with three volunteer clients. The first is disturbed because his mother did not spend much time with him during childhood. Next Dave is concerned about his distant relationship with his son. The third, Diane describes problems with her mother who is now a widow and overly critical. Goulding explains her work.
Otto Kernberg (1995) demonstrates a supervision session with a therapist who presents a case of a 42-year-old male with a narcissistic personality and self-destructive tendencies. This male therapist feels as though the therapy has reached a stalemate. Kernberg suggests various hypotheses about the case. The volunteer then describes his reaction to the supervision.
William Glasser (1995) demonstrates with a simulated client who is in an emotionally abusive relationship. This client is depressed and unhappy with her life. The goal of the first session is to focus on a behavioral change that can be accomplished as a first step. Glasser concludes with an explanation of the demonstration and of control theory.
Zeig (1995) demonstrates the Ericksonian approach to psychotherapy while working with Carol, a woman whose nail-biting habit is rooted in anxiety. After gathering information on her personal history, Zeig helps Carol utilize her values and history to affect change. The process is both humorous and dramatic. After working to change associations linked to the problem behavior, Zeig offers Carol an ordeal that will produce a "guaranteed cure." Hypnosis is offered as the "dessert", rather than the main course. Ericksonian approach to psychotherapy.
Educational Objectives:
To list three reasons for working with dreams in the initial interview and in brief psychotherapy.
Given patients with no dreaming, list techniques for eliciting dreams and for "dream substitutes."
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